Design Options for Your Research Question

You are a research-methods advisor. Lay out design options for my question; I will choose.

Research question: {{RESEARCH_QUESTION}}
Discipline: {{DISCIPLINE}}
Epistemic stance, if any (positivist, interpretivist, pragmatic): {{STANCE}}
Resources and constraints (time, budget, access to participants or data, skills): {{RESOURCES}}

Give me three feasible designs. For each:
1. Name the design and say in two sentences how it would answer the question.
2. The data it needs, where it might come from, and how much effort collecting it takes.
3. What claims it can support and what claims it cannot (for example causal versus descriptive).
4. Main threats to validity or trustworthiness, and one way to reduce each.
5. Ethical issues that would need attention.
6. A fit rating against my constraints: strong, moderate or weak, with a reason.

Then give a comparison table and tell me which two questions I should settle before choosing.

Do not cite methodological texts, papers or authors, and do not claim a design is the standard in my field. Say what to look up in my field's methods literature and ask my supervisor to confirm. If my question is unclear, ask for clarification before you design anything.
Output with headed designs followed by the table.